Pelvic Fractures in Dogs: Surgical Treatment Options and Postoperative Management

Abstract

The aim of this review article was to describe the most common surgical procedures used to treat pelvic fractures in dogs. Pelvic fractures account for approximately 25% of all fractures in dogs and are typically caused by high-energy trauma, most often road traffic accidents. In addition to skeletal injuries, concurrent trauma frequently affects the thorax, urinary system, and peripheral nerves. Pelvic fractures are classified by anatomical location as sacroiliac luxation or fracture, iliac wing fracture, iliac body fracture, acetabular fracture, ischial fracture, and pelvic floor fracture. Diagnosis is primarily based on radiographic examination. Treatment may be conservative or surgical. The majority of pelvic fractures (approximately 75%) are managed conservatively, with strict activity restriction, rest, and appropriate analgesic therapy. Around 25% require surgical intervention, most commonly for sacral fractures or sacroiliac luxations, iliac body fractures, and acetabular fractures. Surgical management is based on anatomical reduction and stable fixation. Among various implants, screws and reconstruction plates have the most favourable outcomes. Successful surgical management requires precise anatomical alignment, stable fixation, and early mobilisation. Postoperative care includes analgesic therapy, activity restriction, and follow-up radiographic examination 6–8 weeks after surgery.