Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
type: channel
description: Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics is a journal that deals with a wide range of bioethical topics. The Editorial Board’s intention is to publish original scientific and professional papers related to bioethics in social, biomedical, and other sciences, and humanities. The journal is published twice a year. The journal publishes reviewed papers (double-blind peer review process), as well as papers which do not undergo the review process.
publisher: University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine
language: en
publication name: Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
issn: 1847-6376
copyright: Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
items: Nedić, Tomislav - Presađivanje organa – pravo, (bio)etika i moral, Medicinska naklada – Hrvatsko filozofsko društvo, Zagreb, 2023.,
items: Guest Editors' Editorial
items: Editorial: A new chapter in continuity: Honoring the past, embracing the future of Jahr
items: Smisao života – od antike do egzistencijalizma i logoterapije
items: Metodoontološko viđenje pojma mentalnog zdravlja kod Marxa,Freuda i frankfurtovaca
items: Moralna filozofija Stjepana Zimmermanna
items: Psihoterapijski učinak promjene perspektive
items: Poteškoće i podrška obitelji djeceo boljele od rijetkih bolesti
items: A ‘Pathless Land’ of Compassion:
items: Tomić, Draženko - Bioethical Miscellany, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Teacher education, 2024
items: Information asymmetry in social policy towards people with blindness and visual impairment
items: Kant, (Bio)Ethics and Morality
items: Editorial
items: Borovečki, Ana – Klarica, Marijan (ur.) Medicinska etika Zagreb, Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada – Medicinski fakultet, 2023.
items: Arne Næss There is No Point of No Return Penguin Books, London 2021, pp. 102
items: Philosophy as therapy in a culture of personality disorders
items: Kvalitativna analiza senzibiliteta društvenog okruženja prema obiteljima djece s teškoćama u razvoju i osoba s invaliditetom
items: End-of-Life Decision-Making
items: Bioetika na portugalskom tlu
items: Homo absconditus u duhu filozofske prakse
items: Learner perception changes of ChatGPT over ten days: Focusing on psychological anthropomorphism, privacy concerns and trust
items: Kantian Trolleyology
items: Improving fine-grained emotion classification using LLMs through sequential learning of emotions
items: Lažne vijesti, digitalne tehnologije i erozija individualne autonomije u svijetlu Kantove etike
items: Scaling Up: Analyzing Classification Outcomes in Large Korean Legal Document Datasets
items: Exploring Kant’s Perspective on (Self-)Ownership and Property Rights in Human Body Parts:Exploring Kant’s Perspective on (Self-)Ownership and Property Rights in Human Body Parts
items: Kantian Dignity and the Allocation of Scarce, Life Saving Resources
items: From Meaningful Instructions to Learned Illness
items: Political AI and the General Will of Rousseau
items: Kant and His Significance for Current Bioethical Issues

Nedić, Tomislav - Presađivanje organa – pravo, (bio)etika i moral, Medicinska naklada – Hrvatsko filozofsko društvo, Zagreb, 2023.,
type: item
description: Book review.
subject: Book reviews
  topic: section
creator: Jan Defrančeski
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: 229
ending page: 231

Guest Editors' Editorial
type: item
description: Guest Editors' Editorial
subject: Guest Editors' Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Luka Janeš
creator: Štefanija Kožić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: 65
ending page: 66

Editorial: A new chapter in continuity: Honoring the past, embracing the future of Jahr
type: item
description: Editorial
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Toni Buterin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: 7
ending page: 7

Smisao života – od antike do egzistencijalizma i logoterapije
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.16.1.8 Smisao i svrha života u ovome radu dovode se u povezanost sa življenjem dobroga i sretnoga života, kao i s nadilaženjem potreba i pronalaskom „viših svrha”. Od pripadnika antičke filozofije istaknuti su Platon, Aristotel, Epiktet i Epikur, usuglašeni u tome da je za dobar i smislen život potrebna duhovna kultivacija samoga sebe. Potom se osvrćemo na filozofiju egzistencije i njezine temeljne pojmove kao što su sloboda i odgovornost, s naglaskom na individualnome pronalasku smisla osobe. Radom se nastoji: 1) objasniti ulogu i značaj smisla života; 2) prikazati neke od ključnih točaka u poimanju smisla života u antičkoj filozofiji i egzistencijalizmu te njihovim sličnostima i razlikama; 3) prikazati logoterapiju – psihoterapijski pravac predmetno usredotočen na smisao; i 4) ukazati na nezaobilaznu ulogu filozofije u potrazi za smislom. Nastoji se i evaluirati te pokazati da je pitanje smisla te njegova zahvaćanja i raskrivanja čovjeku univerzalno svojstveno, kao i da je to pitanje na koje se kroz povijest nastojalo odgovoriti na razne načine. Zaključuje se da se smisao može pronaći uz pomoć Drugoga i da do smisla svaki pojedinac dolazi svojim vlastitim individualnim putem i načinom.
subject: Bioetika i aporije psihe 2025/1
  topic: section
subject: svrha života, smisao života, logoterapija, Viktor E. Frankl, egzistencijalizam
  topic: keywords
creator: Štefanija Kožić
creator: Ana Kralj Duka
creator: Luka Janeš
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: 131
ending page: 143

Metodoontološko viđenje pojma mentalnog zdravlja kod Marxa,Freuda i frankfurtovaca
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.16.1.4 Autor u ovom istraživanju želi iz vlastita metodoontološkog viđenja razmotriti u današnje doba sve češće korišten pojam mentalnog zdravlja. To se nastoji ostvariti prateći tragove Ericha Fromma u okvirima VII. poglavlja knjige „S onu stranu okova iluzije” (1962), koje upravo nosi naziv „Pojam mentalnog zdravlja”. Ovdje on govori samo o Marxu, koji smatra zdravim čovjekom onoga tko je produktivan i tko se iskreno zanima za svijet, dok bi za Freuda „samo primitivan čovjek mogao biti nazvan zdravim”. Osim svih važnih Marxovih i Freudovih radova, kao i ovoga Frommovog djela, posebna će se pažnja posvetiti i drugim njegovim djelima, poput „Zdravog društva” (1955) i godinu dana kasnijeg „Umeća ljubavi” (1956), ali svakako i rada Herberta Marcusea, posebno u djelu koje je objavljeno u godini (1955) kada i Frommovo „Zdravo društvo” – „Eros i civilizacija”.
subject: Bioetika i aporije psihe 2025/1
  topic: section
subject: Metodoontologija, mentalno zdravlje, Karl Marks, Sigmund Frojd, Frankfurtovci, Erih From, Herbert Markuze
  topic: keywords
creator: Vuk Trnavac
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: 67
ending page: 78

Moralna filozofija Stjepana Zimmermanna
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.16.1.6 Ovaj rad, uz uvod i zaključak, podijeljen je na tri dijela. U prvom dijelu ukratko se izlažu biografski i bibliografski podatci hrvatskog filozofa Stjepana Zimmermanna (Virovitica, 24. prosinca 1884. – Zagreb, 13. travnja 1963.). U drugom dijelu predstavlja se Zimmermannova teistička filozofska pozicija. Zimmermann vrlo jasno u svojim filozofskim radovima zastupa kršćanski teistički nazor na život, a iz toga filozofskog nazora onda posljedično izvodi i daljnje korake za život pojedinca. O čovjeku i njegovu životu, odnosno o čovjekovoj egzistenciji kao pojedincu i kao onome koji živi među drugim ljudima, filozof Zimmermann promišlja u kontekstu filozofije života. U trećem dijelu rada izlaže se Zimmermannova moralna filozofija, koja obuhvaća i teorijsku i praktičnu stranu. Prema teističkom pogledu na moral Bog je vrhovna norma moralnosti, a osobni moralni život u svojoj biti nije ništa doli usavršavanje u Bogu, tj. osoba se sjedinjuje s Bogom, koji je vrhovno mjerilo moralne dobrote. Zaključak je rada da Zimmermann ne smatra nevažnim živi li pojedinac moralnim ili nemoralnim životom te da njegov život ima utjecaj i na njega osobno i na društvo u cjelini.
subject: Bioetika i aporije psihe 2025/1
  topic: section
subject: Stjepan Zimmermann, moralna filozofija, praksa, teizam, ateizam.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ivan Macut
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: 99
ending page: 115

Psihoterapijski učinak promjene perspektive
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.16.1.7 Zapadni je čovjek danas postao zarobljenik jedne slike svijeta, jednoga (pre-)uskog (redukcionističkog?) viđenja sebe, svoga života, rada, ciljeva, smisla… Posljedično, čini se da su mnogi današnji čovjekovi psiho(-fizički) problemi uzrokovani upravo time, jer biti zarobljen u jednoj uskoj (npr. strogo materijalističkoj) slici svijeta i sebe lako dovodi do određene dezorijentiranosti, besmisla, nihilizma, izgubljenosti, strahova, bez oslonca i sigurnosti… već u svakodnevnom životu, a osobito kad se susretnemo s težim egzistencijalnim situacijama. Dio tih problema manifestira se na koncu u velikom porastu tzv. „specifično ljudskih bolesti”, kao što su neki karcinomi, ateroskleroza, probavne bolesti i sl. Svega toga je, naravno, bilo i ranije, ali u novije se doba dogodilo naglo povećanje. Posvemašnje odbacivanje naslijeđenih predaja i tradicija jedan je od glavnih uzroka toga, ističe Viktor Frankl, ali i mnogi drugi filozofi, antropolozi i psiholozi. Naime, čovjek je nedovršeno i slobodno biće, pa neprestano mora sam sebe „stvarati”, odnosno oblikovati i osmišljavati. No, s obzirom na gubitak tradicija i jasnih orijentira, to mu odjednom postaje pretežak zadatak u kojem se lako izgubi, a kao posljedica toga nastaju spomenuti problemi. Stoga uvođenje novih, dobro osmišljenih slika i dubinskih koncepata u naše živote često djeluje kao najbolja terapija.
subject: Bioetika i aporije psihe 2025/1
  topic: section
subject: filozofija egzistencije, psihoterapija, slika (svijeta), kognitivna metafora
  topic: keywords
creator: Ante Periša
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: 117
ending page: 130

Poteškoće i podrška obitelji djeceo boljele od rijetkih bolesti
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.16.1.10 Djeca oboljela od rijetkih bolesti imaju zdravstvene probleme koji zahtijevaju složenu zdravstvenu i roditeljsku skrb, a često se nalaze u životno ugrožavajućim stanjima. Zbog toga što su rijetke, kod ovih bolesti postoje brojni problemi vezani uz nedovoljna empirijska iskustva. Složena i dugotrajna dijagnostika, neizvjestan tijek i učinkovitost liječenja dovodi do psihofizičke iscrpljenosti roditelja te brojnih problema unutar obitelji. Obitelji djece susreću se s emocionalnim, socijalnim, ekonomskim, organizacijskim, etičkim i drugim teškoćama. Dok neke obitelji pokazuju pozitivan obrazac suočavanja s bolešću kroz traženje načina za ostvarenje što bolje kvalitete života, druge ostaju u fazi „sagorijevanja u bolesti”, što dovodi do psihosomatskih bolesti i narušavanja stabilnosti u funkcioniranju obitelji. Cilj je rada prikazati poteškoće obitelji djece oboljele od rijetkih bolesti, refleksiju bolesti djeteta na kvalitetu života obitelji te detektirane potrebne oblike podrške obiteljima.
subject: Bioetika i aporije psihe 2025/1
  topic: section
subject: rijetke bolesti, djeca, roditeljska skrb, podrška roditeljima
  topic: keywords
creator: Jadranka Pavić
creator: Mateja Krznar
creator: Irena Kovačević
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: 157
ending page: 165

A ‘Pathless Land’ of Compassion:
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.16.1.9 The connection between the metaphysics of the self and ethics is often relegated to the margins in the mainstream philosophies. Be it the empiricists following Hume concerning the gulf between the “is-ought” judgments or contemporary analytic philosophers who agree with G. E. Moore’s notion of the “naturalistic fallacy.” In this article, we focus on the relationship between the metaphysics of the self and its implications for ethics, particularly a bioethical perspective on the mental well-being of human beings in terms of compassion, empathy and love. Such a perspective has the potential of self-transformation by using the tools of Philosophical Counselling in tune with Krishnamurti’s insights and dialogues of Zen Kōans. Can we speak about empathy as a path or empathy as a goal? Also, can we speak about self-compassion and compassion for others as being separated or divided? The response lies beyond dualism, beyond categories that we are used to, that we are trained to see. Through the exploration of Krishnamurti’s insights on thought, memory, knowledge and experience, which show that these are always limited and therefore bring division and conflict, and then Zen Kōans as a dialogue between the master and a disciple(s), where disciple(s) should get freed from the ideas, forms, and all that is created by thought, we arrive at the place where duality ends. And where duality ends, there dwells empathy, love and compassion opening up possibilities for self-transformation through philosophising
subject: Bioetika i aporije psihe 2025/1
  topic: section
subject: Compassion
  topic: keywords
subject: empathy
  topic: keywords
subject: love
  topic: keywords
subject: thought
  topic: keywords
subject: metaphysics of the self
  topic: keywords
subject: well-being
  topic: keywords
subject: Jiddu Krishnamurti
  topic: keywords
subject: Zen Kōans
  topic: keywords
creator: Bojana Brajkov
creator: Koshy Tharakan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: 145
ending page: 155

Tomić, Draženko - Bioethical Miscellany, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Teacher education, 2024
type: item
description: Book review
subject: Book reviews
  topic: section
creator: Ivana Lalić Čičković
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: 233
ending page: 235

Information asymmetry in social policy towards people with blindness and visual impairment
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.16.1.1 Information asymmetry is a term that describes the unequal distribution of information between two or more actors that, depending on the context in which it occurs, leads to inefficiency, mistrust and, in extreme cases, deception when one party (participant in the relationship) exploits an information advantage over the other. The description of the concept of information asymmetry in social policy towards people with blindness and visual impairment creates a framework in which it is possible to observe and recognize difficulties in the provision of information and the use of rights and services in social and health care. Due to the occurrence of information asymmetry, people with blindness and visual impairment are in a disadvantaged position, as they are not sufficiently informed about services and opportunities for additional social and health care and therefore do not perceive the services as such, which contribute to their development and improvement of living conditions. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the relevant literature and to update the occurrence of information asymmetry in the area of the above-mentioned systems and policies. The paper addresses three key aspects of information asymmetry for people with blindness and visual impairment: the impact on people with blindness and visual impairment, the role of experts and the factors that make it difficult for them to reach their professional standards in the field of information, and, finally, the aspect of social policy and opportunities for policy development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: information asymmetry
  topic: keywords
subject: social policy
  topic: keywords
subject: social care
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: people with blindness and visual impairment
  topic: keywords
creator: Dominik Sikirić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: 9
ending page: 35

Kant, (Bio)Ethics and Morality
type: item
description: Guest Editors Editorial
subject: Guest Editors' Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Tomislav Nedić
creator: Ivan Cerovac
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-19
publication date: 2025-08-19
starting page: 339
ending page: 402

Editorial
type: item
description: Editorial
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Igor Eterović
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-19
publication date: 2025-08-19
starting page: 259
ending page: 260

Borovečki, Ana – Klarica, Marijan (ur.) Medicinska etika Zagreb, Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada – Medicinski fakultet, 2023.
type: item
subject: Reviews
  topic: section
creator: Igor Eterović
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-19
publication date: 2025-08-19
starting page: 573
ending page: 574

Arne Næss There is No Point of No Return Penguin Books, London 2021, pp. 102
type: item
subject: Reviews
  topic: section
creator: Jan Defrančeski
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-19
publication date: 2025-08-19
starting page: 575
ending page: 582

Philosophy as therapy in a culture of personality disorders
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.15.2.4 Much of the current development of both philosophical practice and psychotherapy teases out the theoretical foundations of psychotherapy, on the one hand, and the practical, therapeutic applications of philosophy, on the other. This debate has led to different conceptualizations of both disciplines, where one of the proposals, espoused here, is that all of psychotherapy might be seen as inherently philosophical in nature, and that philosophical practice, especially philotherapy as its counseling offshoot, is in fact an integrative discipline bringing together a number of bioethical dimensions of both philosophy and psychotherapy. The paper explores several aspects through which the concept of psychic wellbeing, on the one hand, and the traditional philosophical concept of the good life, on the other, reflect two sides of the same normative structure of “normalcy” or “wellness” that reverberate through the drama of individual development and culture alike. This particularly reflects in the modern culture of narcissistic values, which casts a sequence of questions on whether, to what extent, and on what basis we can pathologize narcissism and value-charged personality disorders.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: philotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: psychotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: narcissism
  topic: keywords
subject: responsibility
  topic: keywords
subject: personality
  topic: keywords
creator: Aleksandar Fatić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-19
publication date: 2025-08-19
starting page: 339
ending page: 364

Kvalitativna analiza senzibiliteta društvenog okruženja prema obiteljima djece s teškoćama u razvoju i osoba s invaliditetom
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.15.2.2 Skrb o djeci s teškoćama u razvoju i osobama s invaliditetom crpi psihofizičke i ostale resurse roditelja te nepovoljno djeluje na njihovo zdravlje, zbog čega je izuzetno važna formalna i neformalna podrška društva. S obzirom na to da je jačanje bioetičkog senzibiliteta društva prema djeci s teškoćama u razvoju i osobama s invaliditetom preduvjet poticanja promjena na socijalno-političkom planu, osnovni cilj istraživanja bio je ostvariti dublji i detaljniji uvid u senzibilitet društvenog okruženja prema obiteljima djece s teškoćama u razvoju i osoba s invaliditetom. Pri tome su korištena roditeljska iskustva i perspektive prikupljene na istraživačkoj radionici, na kojoj je sudjelovalo 16 roditelja djece s teškoćama u razvoju i osoba s invaliditetom (jedanaest majki i pet očeva). Podaci su prikupljeni metodom vođene grupne rasprave te je provedena tematska analiza. Unatoč uočenim pozitivnim promjenama tijekom posljednjeg desetljeća senzibilitet društvenog okruženja prema obiteljima djece s teškoćama u razvoju i osoba s invaliditetom je iz roditeljske perspektive opisan kao nedostatan, i to na razinama formalnog i neformalnog okruženja. Rezultati upućuju na niz praktičnih smjernica usmjerenih k potrebama i podršci ovim obiteljima: potreba osnaživanja roditelja i obitelji, potreba jačanja stručnih kompetencija i komunikacijskih vještina stručnjaka te potreba daljnje senzibilizacije šireg društvenog okruženja o zahtjevima i izazovima života ovih obitelji.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: roditeljstvo djece s teškoćama u razvoju i osoba s invaliditetom
  topic: keywords
subject: senzibilitet društvenog okruženja
  topic: keywords
subject: formalna i neformalna podrška
  topic: keywords
creator: Ana Slišković
creator: Jelena Ombla
creator: Andrea Tokić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-19
publication date: 2025-08-19
starting page: 287
ending page: 312

End-of-Life Decision-Making
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.16.1.3 At a certain stage in our existence, death will inevitably come to us all. Euthanasia and assisted suicide raise issues and pose questions that cannot be answered from the perspective of medicine alone. Disciplines such as bioethics, philosophy, and even literature and cinema also offer compelling frameworks from which to address such a complex phenomenon. The present paper explores the notions of euthanasia and assisted suicide through the lens of a contemporary British novel and its cinematic adaptation: Jojo Moyes’ Me Before You (2012), which was brought to the big screen by Thea Sharrock and released four years later in the UK. As has occurred with other writings and films that will be referenced, the novel and its adaptation provoked opposing reactions—many of them controversial. Is death a private choice in which no one but ourselves should interfere?
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Euthanasia
  topic: keywords
subject: Literature
  topic: keywords
subject: Cinema
  topic: keywords
subject: Disability
  topic: keywords
subject: Sexuality
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-Determination
  topic: keywords
creator: María del Carmen Garrido Hornos
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: 47
ending page: 64

Bioetika na portugalskom tlu
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.16.1.2 Bioetika je u Portugal stigla sa stanovitim „zakašnjenjem”: prvi je centar osnovan 1988. u Coimbri (Centro de Estudos de Bioética), potom prva katedra 1996. pri Medicinskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Portu (Serviço de Bioética e Ética Médica), a 1998. osnovan je i Centar za bioetiku Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Lisabonu (Centro de Bioética da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa). Kao i Portugalsko društvo za bioetiku, koje je osnovano 2003., ove se ustanove bave isključivo biomedicinskom etikom. Nešto širu vizuru bioetike, izvan one angloameričke sužene na medicinsku praksu i biomedicinska istraživanja, gaji samo Institut za bioetiku Portugalskoga katoličkog sveučilišta. Pionirima portugalske bioetike i suosnivačima prvih institucija bili su patolog Daniel dos Santos Pinto Serrão (1928. – 2017.), farmakolog Walter Friedrich Alfred Osswald (r. 1928.), isusovac-molekularni genetičar Luís Jorge Peixoto Archer (1926. – 2011.), isusovac-filozof Roque Cabral (1927.-2021.), pedijatar Jorge Biscaia (1928. – 2014.), kao i filozofski par Renaud – Isabel Carmelo Rosa (r. 1942.) i Michel (r. 1941.). Temeljem pregleda literature, osobnih kontakata i rezultata terenskog istraživanja ovaj rad nudi kratak pregled nastanka i razvoja bioetike na portugalskom tlu: počev od institucionalnog doprinosa pa sve do prinosa pojedinaca.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bioetika
  topic: keywords
subject: Mediteran
  topic: keywords
subject: Portugal
  topic: keywords
subject: povijest bioetike
  topic: keywords
creator: Iva Rinčić
creator: Toni Buterin
creator: Amir Muzur
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: 37
ending page: 45

Homo absconditus u duhu filozofske prakse
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.16.1.11 „Čovjek više treba psiho-sintezu nego psiho-analizu”, piše ruski filozof Nikolaj Berdjajev, na čijem tragu ovaj rad želi istražiti sakrivenog čovjeka, u vidu psiho-sinteze koju može ponuditi filozofska praksa, jer čovjek je prema istom filozofu „zagonetka u ovom svijetu, možebitno i najveća zagonetka”. Odgonetanje te zagonetke, tog Homo absconditusa objelodanit će čovjeka drugačijeg od onog kojem je potrebna psihoterapija, kao oblik njege njegove duševne sastavine da se nosi s društvom, društveno-socijalnim, društveno-tehničko-ustrojstvenim stvarnostima vlastite neposredne realnosti. U duhu dobre filozofske prakse, usmjerene na liječenje čovjeka pod vidom psiho-sinteze mora se skrenuti pozornost na lučenje onoga sakrivenog u čovjeku, onoga što postoji pod maskom njegove društvene persone kao „stvaran čovjek”, a koji je u vidu psihoanalize „sjena” ili sakriveni, onaj do kojeg se mora doprijeti kako bi se uopće pristupilo putu njegova izlječenja.
subject: Bioetika i aporije psihe 2025/1
  topic: section
subject: Homo absconditus, filozofska praksa, psiho-sinteza, Berdjajev.
  topic: keywords
creator: Filip Martin Svibovec
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: 167
ending page: 179

Learner perception changes of ChatGPT over ten days: Focusing on psychological anthropomorphism, privacy concerns and trust
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.16.1.12 Given the increasing popularity of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) among students, this study examined learners' experiences before and after a Python programming course using ChatGPT, conducted as part of a data-processing course. Using a pre-post study design, we gathered data from 23 participants to investigate the changes in learners’ perceptions of ChatGPT, including perceived psychological anthropomorphism, privacy concerns, trust in ChatGPT, and continuance intentions. Our quantitative analysis revealed that perceived psychological anthropomorphism, privacy concerns, and trust increased significantly after participating in the course. The study also found that, despite being beginners in programming, learners showed a willingness to continue exploring related content after participating in the course. The participants also expressed that the use of ChatGPT lowered barriers to learning programming and text mining. These findings should be considered when planning or designing GAI-related literacy education programmes in the future.
subject: Artificial inteligence Humanities (AIH special section)
  topic: section
subject: ChatGPT
  topic: keywords
subject: privacy concern
  topic: keywords
subject: psychological anthropomorphism
  topic: keywords
subject: trust
  topic: keywords
subject: learner awareness
  topic: keywords
creator: Jinyoung Han
creator: Jung Lee
creator: Juyeon Ham
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: 183
ending page: 205

Kantian Trolleyology
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.15.2.9 This article examines six contemporary Kantian approaches to Judith Jarvis Thomson’s famous trolley problem, a thought experiment that continues to challenge philosophers and non-philosophers alike. The approaches analyzed include those of Paul Guyer, Pauline Kleingeld, Samuel Kerstein, Elke Elisabeth Schmidt, James Edwin Mahon, and Allen Wood. All of these philosophers attempt to reconcile Kant’s moral framework on the one side with the ethical issues raised by the trolley problem on the other. However, this article highlights and elaborates on significant challenges to each philosopher’s approach, pointing to potential flaws and inconsistencies. In engaging critically with these varied Kantian approaches, the article not only highlights their limitations, but also revisits Thomson’s original framing of the problem in order to assess the latter’s enduring significance and to delve into some of the systemic issues inherent in trolleyology. It is argued that recognizing these systemic issues is crucial for advancing a more robust Kantian solution to the trolley problem, one that remains faithful to Kantian principles while nonetheless addressing the complexities of moral decision-making in such situations.
subject: Special issue - Kant 2024/2
  topic: section
subject: Kant's ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Kantian ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: trolleyology
  topic: keywords
subject: Kantian trolleyology
  topic: keywords
creator: Samuel Kahn
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-19
publication date: 2025-08-19
starting page: 471
ending page: 496

Improving fine-grained emotion classification using LLMs through sequential learning of emotions
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.16.1.13 This study proposes an approach to improving emotion classification performance by introducing a Sequential Emotion Learning (SEL) method. Conventional learning methods often struggle with fine-grained emotion categories. To address this, the SEL approach first trains the model on seven basic emotions, which are relatively easier to classify due to their clear distinctions. The model is then fine-tuned using 24 more nuanced emotion labels, enhancing its ability to tackle complex emotion classification tasks. Experimental results suggest that the SEL method performs better than the baseline, achieving higher accuracy from the early stages of training. The SEL model also reaches its peak performance relatively quickly and shows improved classification capabilities on unseen, general sentences, indicating its robustness across different text scenarios. These results suggest that the SEL method can effectively improve emotion classification, particularly in tasks that require distinguishing complex emotions. This sequential learning approach offers a potential advantage over traditional methods and may be applied to other domains that involve intricate classification tasks. Future research can explore the generalizability of this method to other classification problems to further enhance its utility.
subject: Artificial inteligence Humanities (AIH special section)
  topic: section
subject: Emotion Classification
  topic: keywords
subject: Sequential Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Fine-grained Classification
  topic: keywords
subject: Large Language Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Affective Computing
  topic: keywords
creator: Kiseong Lee
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: 207
ending page: 226

Lažne vijesti, digitalne tehnologije i erozija individualne autonomije u svijetlu Kantove etike
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.15.2.8 Digitalne tehnologije radikalno mijenjaju epistemičko okruženje u kojem se građani nalaze. Oblikujući kako građani prikupljaju informacije, kako komuniciraju ili kako donose odluke, digitalne tehnologije formiraju nove epistemičke prakse koje otvaraju prostor za neke stare, kao i za nove oblike manipulacije. Rad započinje analizom Kantova pojma autonomije volje te pokazuje kako i u kojim slučajevima ova autonomija može biti ugrožena. Nastavlja pružajući uvide kako digitalne tehnologije mogu ugroziti autonomiju građana, te analizira sposobnost algoritama umjetne inteligencije da kroz mikro-ciljanje i sustave preporuka šire lažne vijesti i političku propagandu. Nadalje, rad razmatra štetan utjecaj ovih tehnologija na epistemičke prakse građana, naglašavajući tendenciju algoritama umjetne inteligencije da dovode do stvaranja epistemičkih balona ili do pretjeranog oslanjanja na velike jezične modele, pri čemu dolazi do slabljenja individualne sposobnosti prosuđivanja. Završno se razmatraju neki modeli regulacije ovih tehnologija te se ističe Kantovsko uporište za opravdanje takvih praksi.
subject: Special issue - Kant 2024/2
  topic: section
subject: sustavi preporuka, mikrociljanje, veliki jezični modeli, lažne vijesti, epistemički baloni, heteronomija volje
  topic: keywords
creator: Ivan Cerovac
creator: Helena Drmić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-19
publication date: 2025-08-19
starting page: 451
ending page: 470

Scaling Up: Analyzing Classification Outcomes in Large Korean Legal Document Datasets
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.15.2.12 This paper proposes an integrated approach that combines artificial intelligence models for automatic classification and prediction of Korean legal judgments. Given the complexity of the Korean legal system and the diversity of its legal issues, this study utilizes a transformer-based model, specifically, KLUE/BERT and KLUE/RoBERTa, to classify and predict legal judgment documents. By leveraging these models, this study addresses the challenges posed by the intricate legal language and diverse topics within Korean legal documents, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of classification tasks. The proposed approach enhances the automation and reliability of legal document predictions, demonstrating exceptional performance in managing the complexities of legal language. Specifically, the models facilitate a deeper understanding of the context of Korean legal judgments, thereby increasing the reliability of the prediction results. Moreover, this study introduces a novel integrated framework that significantly enhances the performance of automated legal document processing and prediction systems. This framework supports legal consultations, document management, and automated judgment systems, representing a significant advancement in the application of artificial intelligence in the legal domain.
subject: Artificial inteligence Humanities (AIH special section)
  topic: section
subject: Legal Case Classification, Legal Analysis, Transformer Model, Legal Text Processing
  topic: keywords
creator: Ye-Chan Park
creator: Hanyong Lee
creator: Jaesung Lee
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-19
publication date: 2025-08-19
starting page: 527
ending page: 541

Exploring Kant’s Perspective on (Self-)Ownership and Property Rights in Human Body Parts:Exploring Kant’s Perspective on (Self-)Ownership and Property Rights in Human Body Parts
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.15.2.7 The paper questions the normative framework of the designation of body parts as things in civil law doctrine and the possibility of legal disposal of body parts in the context of Kant’s moral philosophy. Kant derives the formation of private legal (subjective) rights from the preliminary separation of things and persons and the second formulation of the categorical imperative. In discussing the concept of private law and property rights that are possible only concerning the human-thing relationship, Kant consequently talks about issues of self-ownership and property rights to one’s body and its parts. Although he explicitly wrote about the impossibility of self-ownership of the body and, in principle, the impossibility of disposing of its parts, it must be remembered that Kant could not foresee all the possible achievements, perspectives, and trials of modern transplant medicine. In the paper, Kant’s basic bioethical and private law concepts (primarily ownership and property rights) are placed in the context of (legal) disposal of body parts. In any exposition and discussion of the Kantian-based opinion on dispositions of body parts, we should not necessarily and exclusively be guided by Kant’s explicit writings on actual legal dispositions of body parts. We should consider the broader framework of Kant’s deontological ethics and Kant’s understanding of persons and things. Such an interpretation can lead to the conclusion that there are no obstacles to basing property rights in body parts but limited property rights, with the classification of body parts as things restricted in legal circulation, which is the opinion that prevails in certain statutory private law provisions and writings of civil law doctrine.
subject: Special issue - Kant 2024/2
  topic: section
subject: Kant, body parts, person, thing, transplantation, organs, property rights, ownership, private law
  topic: keywords
creator: Tomislav Nedić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-19
publication date: 2025-08-19
starting page: 423
ending page: 450

Kantian Dignity and the Allocation of Scarce, Life Saving Resources
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.15.2.6 This article explores how we ought, morally speaking, to allocate scarce, life-saving resources such as ventilators or intensive care beds. When there are not enough resources to distribute to all who want and need them, who should receive them? Through an examination of several cases, the article probes the implications regarding this question of two Kantian accounts of respect for the dignity of persons, one an orthodox Kantian account based on an interpretation of the Formula of Humanity and the other an unorthodox reconstruction of part of this formula. The article also investigates the implications of a contemporary triage scheme developed during the Covid-19 pandemic, the Pittsburgh Framework. Each of these three bases for scarce resource distribution has some plausible and implausible results regarding cases that involve patients of various ages, future lifespans (if given the resource), and socioeconomic status (disadvantage). While the article does not intend to vindicate or condemn any one method of distribution, it does aim to illustrate that Kantian thinking can play a salutary role in making hard decisions about scarce medical resource allocation.
subject: Special issue - Kant 2024/2
  topic: section
subject: triage, Kant, dignity, COVID-19, equity, respect for persons, scarce resource allocation
  topic: keywords
creator: Samuel Kerstein
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-19
publication date: 2025-08-19
starting page: 403
ending page: 421

From Meaningful Instructions to Learned Illness
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.16.1.5 This paper explores the balance between stability and adaptability in cognitive development, particularly through an enactivist lens, mainly through Piaget's concepts of assimilation and accommodation and Eigen's concept of self-organization. The central idea is that while stability is necessary for cognitive resilience, adaptability is essential for handling new experiences. Psychopathology is examined as a breakdown in this balance, where maladaptive coping mechanisms prevent accommodation, reinforcing negative mental patterns. Disorders like OCD, BDD, and anxiety are discussed to show how fears or negative beliefs can become self-sustaining cycles, leading to entrenched maladaptive behaviors. The text also emphasizes that an accurate self-concept is crucial for mental health, as distorted self-perceptions can fuel psychopathological cycles.
subject: Bioetika i aporije psihe 2025/1
  topic: section
subject: Jean Piaget
  topic: keywords
subject: Manfred Eigen
  topic: keywords
subject: Enactivism
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognition
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychopathology
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic Epistemology
  topic: keywords
creator: Toma Gruica
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
starting page: 79
ending page: 97

Political AI and the General Will of Rousseau
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.15.2.13 In this paper, I aim to compare Rousseau’s concept of the General Will with generative AI based on artificial neural network deep learning algorithms from the perspective of a rule-based ethical framework. To this end, I focus on Rousseau’s issue of the “formation, concentration, and fulfillment of the General Will” to explore the implications of AI use for democracy, particularly in the contexts of democratic decision-making and public policy formulation. As an alternative for realizing the General Will in lawmaking and public policy development, AI can be considered for gathering public opinion and facilitating decision-making processes. AI-driven opinion-gathering and decision-making can overcome the practical challenges of forming the General Will in democratic systems, including conflicts between majority and minority groups. Furthermore, unlike humans influenced by partisan loyalty or political interests, AI can identify the best policies for everyone in an unbiased manner, fostering broad agreement. Additionally, I critically examine potential issues arising from the politicization of AI, despite its advantages in addressing the weaknesses of democratic systems.
subject: Artificial inteligence Humanities (AIH special section)
  topic: section
subject: General Will, generative AI, political AI, legislation, public policy
  topic: keywords
creator: Dasom Kim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-19
publication date: 2025-08-19
starting page: 543
ending page: 558

Kant and His Significance for Current Bioethical Issues
type: item
description: https://doi.org/10.21860/j.15.2.10 In this contribution, I discuss some of Kant’s impulses for modern bioethics based on his ethical standards, showing how they align with contemporary issues and how they help develop answers to new types of questions. First, I analyse the living environment and present Kant as a thinker about self-organising beings, attempting to show some perspectives for current debates on animal and environmental ethics. I then focus on the question of a human being as a dignified being. In this context, I discuss the question of whether a Neanderthal would count as a dignified being if it were possible to breed him in a research laboratory. Finally, by introducing cybrids and brain chimaeras, I discuss the project of creating human-animal mixtures.
subject: Special issue - Kant 2024/2
  topic: section
subject: Kant, philosophy of organism, environmental ethics, human dignity, resurrection of Neanderthals, cybrids, hybrids, brain chimaeras, human-animal beings
  topic: keywords
creator: Marcus Knaup
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jahr – European Journal of Bioethics
date: 2025-08-19
publication date: 2025-08-19
starting page: 497
ending page: 508