Pannoniana is a scientific publication published by the Faculty of Education in Osijek. It is published annually and publishes papers which contribute to findings in humanities, but also interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary papers. Papers should be aimed at the former Pannonia space and encourage a dialogue between experts in humanities. Papers can be based on qualitative and quantitative research and can be aimed at different levels of research (individual studies, small and large samples). Only unpublished papers can be submitted. https://doi.org/10.32903/p Online ISSN: 2459-7465 Print ISSN: 2459-6760
Faculty of Education, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek
RAVNATELJ ŠKOLE, VRTIĆA, DOMA [PRINCIPAL OF SCHOOL, KINDERGARTEN, STUDENT DORMITORY] (Zagreb: Znamen, 2025, p. 648) by Stjepan Staničić
The monograph Principal of the School, Kindergarten, and Student Dormitory makes, at first encounter, a strong impression as a comprehensive, conceptually well-designed, and scientifically rigorous work, the result of a substantial investment of time, systematic research effort, and deep professional commitment. Without hesitation, it can be described as a seminal work in the field of leadership and management of educational institutions in the Republic of Croatia. At the same time, this is the first and, to date, the only publication in this context that brings together, in a single volume, all key and numerous complementary contents necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the complex processes involved in leading a school, kindergarten, or student dormitory.
Principal, School, Kindergarten, Student Dormitory
Copyright (c) 2025 Pannoniana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THE RING FROM TEKIĆ AND THE SEAL FROM VELIKA: THE LATEST EPIGRAPHIC FINDS BEARING THE NAME OF INCERUM
In the 2021 issue of the Požeški pučki kalendar (PPK), archaeologists Nikola Cesarik and Vjekoslav Kramberger published two previously unknown epigraphic inscriptions mentioning the Roman settlement of Incerum (Inicerum). These consist of a silver ring inscribed VOTSILVINCERIVS, found on the surface of the Treštanovačka Gradina site near Tekić, and a seal impression inscribed INCERI from the vicinity of Velika. The authors interpret part of the first inscription as INCERIUS. In the present study, these inscriptions are analysed from a philological perspective, in the hope that they may shed further light on the otherwise sparsely attested Incerum—provided, of course, that the finds prove to be archaeologically authentic, since they have not yet undergone professional examination.
Ring from Tekić, Seal from Velika, epigraphy, Incerum
Copyright (c) 2024 Pannoniana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THE CONTRIBUTION OF IVAN FILIPOVIĆ TO INTERNAL SCHOOL AND INSTRUCTIONAL ORGANISATION
Based on an examination of relevant sources, this paper seeks to present the contribution of Ivan Filipović, regarded as the father of Croatian teaching, to the internal school and instructional organisation of his time. Since he advocated boldly for the holistic and balanced development of pupils, the paper also aims to remind readers of the value of the teaching profession, as teachers are those most directly responsible for achieving this educational goal. More generally, it is believed that the paper will broaden understanding of the immense significance of this prominent figure in Croatian education and schooling.
Ivan Filipović, teaching, school, pupil, teacher
MENTAL HEALTH OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN CROATIA
The aim of this study was to examine the level of mental health and psychological difficulties among university students in the Republic of Croatia and their associations with selected sociodemographic characteristics. In a sample of 370 students, the findings indicated generally preserved mental health, alongside elevated levels of psychological difficulties in a subset of participants and moderately high psychological resilience. Compared with male students, female students reported lower levels of mental health and resilience and more pronounced difficulties in the domains of subjective well-being and functioning. Certain aspects of difficulties also differed by place of birth and current place of residence. The findings support the need for systematic monitoring of student mental health and for developing targeted support within academic settings, particularly programmes aimed at higher-risk groups and resilience-building.
mental health, resilience, psychological difficulties, university students
MICROHISTORY OF HEALTH ADVERTISING: FELLER’S ELSA FLUID AND PHARMACEUTICAL ADVERTISEMENTS IN GERMAN-LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS IN OSIJEK AT THE TURN OF THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES
The paper offers a microhistorical analysis of advertisements for pharmaceutical products in German-language newspapers published in Osijek at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, with particular emphasis on Feller’s Elsa Fluid. Elsa Fluid has been selected as the central case study due to its wide reach and its presence in as many as seventeen German-language periodicals, which enabled it to transcend the local setting and exemplify the formative phase of health marketing. Alongside an analysis of Feller’s advertisements, the paper compares other pharmaceutical advertisements (remedies against cholera and tapeworms) in order to identify shared marketing and bioethical strategies of the period. Special attention is devoted to narrative techniques, appeals to authority, emotional manipulation, and exaggerated claims of efficacy unsupported by scientific evidence. From a bioethical perspective, all examined advertisements are characterised by a lack of transparency, the absence of information on risks and adverse effects, and a shortage of accurate, verifiable data, which together create the potential for consumer deception and misinformation. In this way, the analysis points to broader structural problems in health advertising in the historical context under consideration. This research domain remains markedly underexplored. A primary factor contributing to this scholarly lacuna is the prevalence of Gothic script in the relevant periodicals, which hinders researchers’ access to, legibility of, and interpretation of primary sources. Such challenges underscore the critical need for digitization projects and interdisciplinary methodologies in prospective investigations of sadvertising and pharmaceutical history within the Central European sphere. The present work advances understanding of historical medical marketing practices, advocates for ethical standards and regulatory mechanisms to safeguard consumers, and addresses a notable void in Croatian academic literature by scrutinizing underutilized archival materials.
historical advertising, bioethics in advertising, health marketing, German-language newspapers printed in Osijek, Feller’s Elsa Fluid
BIOETHICAL ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH ON THE ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION ON SURROGACY
Surrogacy is a form of medically assisted reproduction and is divided into two types: gestational surrogacy and traditional surrogacy. Gestational surrogacy refers to the process in which the intended parents' cells are combined, and there is no genetic connection between the surrogate mother and the embryo. Traditional surrogacy refers to the combination of the surrogate mother's reproductive cells and the intended father's sperm. Surrogacy can also be divided into two other types: non-commercial and commercial surrogacy. Non-commercial surrogacy refers to an arrangement in which the surrogate does not receive financial compensation for her service. Commercial surrogacy refers to an arrangement in which the surrogate receives financial payment for her service, or in other words, for carrying the child. The commercialisation of surrogacy is one of the key issues and raises numerous bioethical, legal, and moral debates. This issue is especially prominent in developing countries, which have become popular destinations for establishing surrogacy clinics and exploiting women. Numerous studies have confirmed that many surrogacy clinics have violated the rights of both women and children and that surrogate mothers often live in poor conditions. Additionally, apart from the questionable practices in clinics, many legal cases concerning violations of surrogacy laws have ended up in court across several countries. Therefore, this thesis includes a study involving more than 150 respondents, aiming to explore the opinions of students from the Faculty of Education in Osijek. The research is based on a theoretical framework that describes surrogacy worldwide, to assess students' knowledge about surrogacy, legal frameworks, surrogacy contracts, religious influences, surrogacy farms, and children born with developmental difficulties.
research, surrogacy, bioethics, opinion, students
THE ROLE OF USER REVIEWS IN OPTIMIZING DIGITAL HEALTH APPLICATIONS
Digital applications for health represent significant potential for solving modern health challenges. Despite an increasing number of people using instructions provided by digital health apps, the level of adherence remains low, which adversely affects the overall effectiveness of these apps. Research dealing with the root causes of such low engagement are insufficiently represented, even though user experience is an important factor in the acceptance of these applications. Analyzing user reviews of digital health apps can provide insight into user experiences, including features that users rated as positive or lacking, thereby guiding future app development and improvements. The goal of the research is to analyze user feedback on publicly available health applications in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses and determine guidelines for their improvement. To better understand what users value in digital health apps, reviews from 102 health applications were analyzed available on the Apple App Store and Google Play, using both thematic and sentiment analysis. The findings reveal several key factors that users consistently appreciate—apps that are easy to use, offer customizable features, include motivational tools, and provide responsive customer support tend to receive positive feedback. Conversely, users often stop using health apps when they encounter poor usability, technical glitches, unhelpful support, or concerns about how their personal data is handled. These issues not only affect user satisfaction but can significantly impact long-term engagement with digital health tools.
usability issues, personalisation, thematic analysis, sentiment analysis, user experience
INDIVIDUALISED INSTRUCTION AND SUPPORT STRATEGIES IN DEVELOPING SCIENTIFIC COMPETENCE IN FIFTH-GRADE STUDENTS WITH DYSLEXIA
Developing scientific competence—which includes understanding concepts, scientific thinking, and problem-solving—is essential for all students, including those with dyslexia. To enable them to successfully achieve curriculum outcomes, targeted support strategies are applied in teaching. The aim of this research was to examine how the application of the same basic support strategies, individualised through ongoing teacher reflection, influences the development of knowledge and scientific skills in students with dyslexia. The study included four students with varying degrees of dyslexia. Three written assessments were conducted, and the results were analysed intra-individually (tracking each student’s scientific competence development over the year) and inter-individually (comparing students’ knowledge and skills to assess how the degree of dyslexia and corresponding adaptations of support strategies affect success in different types of tasks). Descriptive statistical analysis was applied, with the results presented graphically. The results show that all students, despite varying degrees of dyslexia, developed a certain level of scientific competence when individualised support strategies were applied. Students with milder difficulties were more successful and consistent, while those with more pronounced difficulties showed greater fluctuations and required more intensive support. Systematic and reflective implementation of support strategies can enable students with dyslexia to make progress in knowledge and skills, tailored to their individual needs and the Science curriculum.
students with learning difficulties; inclusive education; scientific literacy; reflective practice
RELIGIOUS-TRANSCENDENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF HEALTH: METHODO-ONTOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF (JUDEO-)CHRISTIANITY
Agreeing with the words of Vladeta Jerotić that the sphere of religiosity when it comes to human life is the finest, deepest, and most sensitive among all others, the author will try to show, using the example of Health, that the constant presence of God's spirit in man (neshamah in Judaism, in the "nose" - (and in our language we say no-zdr(a)-va) when he became a man by God's request) according to Judeo-Christian belief, constitutive of both human freedom and love, i.e. freedo(m)love. The research will therefore try to offer a kind of introduction to the Judeo-Christian eschatology of Health, which began its linear cycle back in the Garden of Eden, before the original sin, after which the fall into Illness occurred and only with the appearance of Christ it began to rise again towards the ideal of primordial Health. With that, Waldenfels' (somewhat ironic) thesis that the head of the church or the church itself "takes care of the general mental health" of everyone else (others) will be examined in a methodoontological key
Health, Transcendence, religion, Judeo-Christianity, methodo-ontology
(UN)INFORMEDNESS OF PARENTS ABOUT VACCINATION OF CHILDREN OF EARLY AND PRESCHOOL AGE
Vaccination is one of the most effective ways of preventing infectious diseases and a key factor in safeguarding public health. Despite its proven benefits, parental decisions regarding childhood vaccination are increasingly influenced by unverified sources of information, particularly on social media. In Croatia, vaccination is mandatory, and unvaccinated children may be restricted in exercising their right to enrol in preschool institutions, which raises a number of ethical and legal issues. The aim of this paper was to analyse the sources of information most trusted by parents and to examine how their level of informedness influences decisions on vaccinating children of early and preschool age. The paper is based on a systematic review of scientific literature published over the past ten years, with an emphasis on comparative approaches to mandatory and voluntary vaccination within the European context. The results indicate that parents’ level of informedness is a key factor in vaccination acceptance, with healthcare professionals and official health institutions playing an important role. It is concluded that education and transparent communication about the importance of immunisation are essential for increasing parental trust and maintaining high vaccination coverage rates.
vaccination, informedness, parents, preschool education, public health
THE EPIDEMIC OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY – WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR CHILDREN’S HEALTH AND WHAT ARE THE ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS?
The global epidemic of childhood obesity is becoming an increasingly serious global issue with long-term consequences on children’s health. The key question is who bears responsibility for children’s health, and what ethical implications arise from these decisions. Numerous factors contribute to this issue: the family, the education system, the food industry, and the broader social and political community. Though parents play a crucial role in shaping children’s eating habits and encouraging their physical activity, the education system should not be excluded, as schools have a responsibility to promote a healthy lifestyle. On the other hand, children are often targeted by the food industry through its marketing strategies, so the industry shares part of the responsibility due for promoting unhealthy products. Governments should take a more active role in regulating these practices and ensuring access to healthy food options for all. Important ethical questions are being raised, such as the level of individual freedom of choice in these situations, social responsibility towards young people, and the balance between personal freedom and necessary public health measures. The state’s role in regulating the food industry and enabling access to a healthier lifestyle, especially in less privileged communities, is particularly important. This paper will analyse the causes of children’s obesity, the responsibility of different factors, and the ethical dimensions of this complex public health issue through a review of relevant literature.
ethical implication, the education system, responsibility, the food industry, obesity
Telemedicine: Benefits, Challenges and Ethical Dilemmas
The digital transformation of the healthcare system, particularly through the development of telemedicine and telenursing, brings a range of ethical and professional challenges that profoundly reshape healthcare practice. Changes in communication, decision-making processes, and data storage require a rethinking of the role of healthcare professionals, especially nurses. The aim of this paper is to explore how digitally mediated care affects core ethical principles such as autonomy, privacy, equity, and accountability, and how these challenges impact nursing practice. Through a qualitative analysis of relevant literature and legal documents, the paper identifies key points of vulnerability within existing professional and legal frameworks. In conclusion, the paper highlights the need for stronger institutional support, ethical guidelines, and education that will enable nurses to operate in digital environments while preserving humanism and professional integrity.
EXTRACURRICULAR RESOURCES OF CONTINENTAL CROATIA IN THE TEACHING OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL STUDIES
Extracurricular teaching is a special form of teaching that takes place outside the classroom, with the primary aim of enabling students to acquire teaching content in an authentic environment through practical experience. This paper outlines the concept of extracurricular teaching, its types and forms, its educational significance, the legal framework for its implementation, and possible implementation in the teaching of Science and Social Studies. Following a content analysis, the research section provides an overview of potential natural-geographical and cultural-historical resources across five counties in continental Croatia. The aim of this paper is to emphasise the necessity of implementing extracurricular teaching in Science and Social Studies classes, as well as its benefits, given that such teaching enables students to experience directly what they are learning, thereby enhancing understanding and long-term retention of the presented content. The content analysis indicates that the largest number of potential learning resources for extracurricular teaching is found in the Osijek-Baranja County, primarily in the form of cultural and historical landmarks and other related resources. In light of the results obtained, it can be concluded that continental Croatia, one of the major subregions of central and northwestern Croatia, encompassing approximately one third of the total territory of the Republic of Croatia, is rich in diverse natural-geographical and cultural-historical resources suitable for extracurricular teaching in Science and Social Studies.
extracurricular activities, continental Croatia, cultural and historical resources, natural and geographical resources
Ivan Filipović – Organiser of the Croatian Teachers and Reformer of the Croatian School System by Emerik Munjiza and Snježana Dubovicki
In the wake of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Ivan Filipović (1823 – 2023), one of the most influential Croatian teachers and pedagogues in the 19th century, authors Associate Professor Emerik Munjiza, Ph.D. and Associate Professor Snježana Dubovicki, Ph.D. presented us with a monograph that thoroughly approaches the subject of Ivan Filipović. The book is titled ‘Ivan Filipović – Organizator hrvatskoga učiteljstva i reformator hrvatskoga školstva [Ivan Filipović – Organiser of the Croatian Teachers and Reformer of the Croatian School System]’, spans over 220 pages, and was published by the Faculty of Education, J. J. Strossmayer Universtiy of Osijek, in Vinkovci in 2023. The authors are eminent experts in the area of Croatian history of education with multiple studies on various subjects with a focus on Ivan Filipović himself; therefore, it comes as no surprise that they are responsible for commemorating the aforementioned jubilee with another significant contribution to the research and preservation of the deeds of the father of Croatian teachers. Moreover, the book is a product of a homonymous project under the supervision of Snježana Dubovicki dedicated to the commemoration of the anniversary on multiple levels and thus shares the projects’ visual identity produced by Associate Professor Marko Šošić, Ph.D. in Art.
'Ante Starčević. Ideals of Freedom and Law' by Pavo Barišić
May 2023 brought the 200th anniversary of the birth of Ante Starčević (1823 – 1896), pater patriae and one of the most prominent figures in Croatian history. To commemorate this important jubilee, as well as the 125th anniversary of his death, Full Professor Pavo Barišić, Ph.D. presented us with a meticulously researched book titled ‘Ante Starčević. Ideali slobode i prava [Ante Starčević. Ideals of Freedom and Law]’, published by Školska knjiga in Zagreb in 2022. Professor Barišić is a well-established expert in the area of philosophy of law and an authority on the subject of Ante Starčević, having already published the book ‘Filozofija prava Ante Starčevića [Philosophy of Law of Ante Starčević]’ in 1996, the year of the 100th anniversary of Starčević’s death, as well as various other research papers, editions and source materials. Moreover, as a professor at the Faculty of Croatian Studies of the University of Zagreb, Barišić introduced the lectures and courses on the philosophy of law and state of Ante Starčević in 1993, rounding up three decades of continuous research on the subject.
Pietro Marubi – Founder of The First Photography Studio in Albania
The article aims to highlight the art of photography in Albania, which began at the end of the 1850s and is associated with the name Pietro Marubi (1834- 1903), an Italian from Piacenza who, for political reasons, left Italy and sought refuge in Albania, where he finally settled in the city of Shkodra. The scope is on his extraordinary work, including the founding of the first photography studio in Albania around 1855, which was a bold step at that time. Among his earliest photographs are those of Hamzë Kazazi (1858) and Leonardo de Martino (1859). He became a popular figure in Shkodër, photographing important events with the latest technique, immortalizing historical events such as the connection of Prizren (1878-1881) and the uprising of Mirdita that were published in the international press as in the pages of the well-known magazines such as “La Guerra d’Oriente” and “The illustrated London news”. Pietro Marubi also took the first photograph in Montenegro. In the collection of Sultan Abdul Hamit II, there are photographs with a view of Shkodra or people in folk clothes, as photographed by Pietro Marubi. This proves the great fame that Marubi’s photography studio gained in the Ottoman Empire. Pietro Marubi, therefore, brought Shkodra on the level with the first European cities representing the art of photography. The results give an original picture of the role and importance of the photography studio. Marubi and his vision are shown in passing on the profession to his sons. With the act of inheritance of his studio to Kel Kodheli, Marubi would lay the foundations for the continuation of the activity. With Kel Kodheli, the “Marubi Dynasty” was consolidated, where the next generations of photographers were formed, who today make up the collection of the Photo Gallery of the “Marubi” National Museum of Photography. The opening of the national museum “Marubi” in Shkodër, in addition to its extraordinary cultural and historical values, is also at the service of cultural tourism, which is visited by many local and foreign tourists. The article is based on research of the literature and sources published by the Marubi National Museum of Photography and the Library of the Academy of Sciences, as well as international publications and meetings with historians and other researchers. The conclusions provide another important aspect of this work, especially for the generation of young artists educated today who look up to Marubi as a model of inspiration, but also for the general public.
Pietro Marubi, photography, studio Marubi, Shkodra, Albania
Copyright (c) 2023 Pannoniana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Lace in Croatia – Tradition and Sustainable Development
On the UNESCO list of intangible cultural heritage in Croatia, art has taken its place, respectively the skill of textile handicrafts, better known as lacemaking, which rests on preservation, promotion and sustainability tradition. Consequently, sustainable development is based on an integrated, comprehensive approach to economic, ecological and social values through the natural, social and human sciences. Interweaving threads using a needle or a stick forms a characteristic shape of textile activity that requires exceptional calmness, patience, precision and specific work of hands whose product is a handicraft called lace. This work aims to explore and compare the role and purpose of Croatian lace in the past and today to raise awareness of tradition and the value that Croatian lace still carries today. The lace tradition in Croatia has been nurtured for centuries, especially in smaller rural areas where women have woven their traces in the rich history of folk art by making lace. Silk, cotton, linen, silver and gold threads form a hollow work worthy of admiration. With their technological and artistic characteristics, lace works are not only an integral part of the culture of the community but also an indicator of artistic creativity in Croatia.
Croatian lace, intangible cultural heritage, sustainable development, tradition, art
The Influence of Stage Dolls on the Development of Empathy in Younger School Students
In today’s time of global change and recessionary crises, the importance of the “little man” in the context of understanding his existential needs and for the purpose of self-realisation is often overlooked. In the torrent of adaptation to these changes of world proportions, man seems to be lost. Neoliberal capitalism, with its culture of narcissism and the cult of individualism, we dare say, creates a culture of ruthlessness and indifference in which we become immune to social tragedies and observers of human suffering. By permeating aesthetic-artistic and empathic features as essential components of what constitutes the essence of man, it is possible to achieve harmonious interpersonal relationships as prerequisites for the first steps towards more successful growth and adaptation of the individual. It is necessary to mention the role of empathy and empathetic and caring thinking, which, along with critical and creative thinking, is an indispensable trinity when it comes to children’s educational process. What constitutes the essence of empathy itself, as an act of humanisation of man, is the imaginative leap, which is a prefix for overcoming social and political obstacles, limitations, marginalisation and distances that are a brake on indulging in other people’s feelings. One of the ways to help express feelings in children is a stage puppet. Through play, the child spontaneously takes on roles to express his or her thoughts, efforts, desires, wills, and feelings in a creative way. Puppetry education is an important component of the child’s overall development, starting from the earliest age when the newborn exercises motor skills all the way to psychosocial development in later life. The application of the stage puppet is wide, so it is used in resolving peer conflicts and discovering new artistic inclinations. This also contributes to education for empathy, mutual respect and the development of social skills. This paper will attempt to show the importance of its use and influence on the development of empathy at a young school age. After the theoretical framework, which explains the importance and role of puppetry and empathy in children’s lives, the methodological approach to action research will present the practical part of the work. This includes drama workshops, as a presentation of the impact of puppetry on the development of empathy in lower grades, with and emphasis on the need to nurture an imaginative leap by indulgence. Through the discussion, we try to expand and re-examine the hypothesis and offer answers appropriate to the problem.
caring thinking, drama therapy, empathy, empathic thinking, puppetry education, stage puppet
Political and Ideological Focus of Croatian Feature Films in the 1990s
the country itself. During Croatia’s struggle for survival and against aggressors attacking its borders, the film industry also had to undergo its own rebirth. The Homeland War as an artistic theme, of course, could not be avoided. Therefore, it was exploited beyond measure by filmmakers for whom the themes of patriotism ––no matter how vain, uninspired, or manipulative––brought a certain social and/or financial satisfaction. Film and politics have always been connected in Croatian cinematography and used for direct manipulation. The frequent division of directors into suitable and unsuitable was also maintained by the newly enthroned regime, only according to other criteria. The paper provides an overview of glaring examples of the political and ideological focus of Croatian feature films from the beginning to the end of the 1990s, especially regarding their contextual, thematic, and stylistic features. It is shown that the response of Croatian film art from that period to the active aggression that suppressed fundamental human rights––the right to life, freedom, and security ––was also (passive) aggressive, in the form of discrimination, intolerance, and exclusivity, which resulted mainly in the low qualitative range of Croatian filmography in that period.
political suitability, manifest patriotism, political and propagandist approach to the theme of war, polarization of characters into good and evil
UNESCO and Intangible Cultural Heritage in Science and Social Studies Textbooks for the Fourth Grade of Elementary School
On the occasion of the upcoming twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the UNESCO Convention on the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, it is important to emphasise the role of intangible cultural heritage in preserving the identity of an individual nation. This paper analyses the Science and Social Studies textbooks for the 4th grade of elementary school. The aim of the paper is to determine the representation of intangible cultural heritage inscribed on UNESCO’s list of cultural goods by analysing textbooks and to provide guidelines for approaching this topic. The review of textbooks revealed differences in the approach to coverage relating to content related to intangible cultural heritage in textbooks by different authors and different publishing houses. It was observed that different authors approach the topics of cultural heritage differently, and intangible heritage is represented differently in different textbooks. In the majority of textbooks, intangible cultural heritage inscribed on the UNESCO list is well presented, but it is mostly mentioned as such without additional explanations and visual representations. It is necessary to approach this topic in education in a way that will encourage students to be active and participate in preserving the intangible cultural heritage that is a part of each of them, with a textbook being just one of the available tools in the teaching process.
intangible cultural heritage, science and social studies, UNESCO
Bioethics and Geopolitics – The War in Ukraine as Cause
The article mainly relies on original scientific papers, and reviews of a large number of bioethical works published from the end of the last century to the present day, but it primarily leans on the reviews, critical reflections and comments of the renowned Croatian philosopher Rade Kalanj. He rightfully warned some thirty years ago that biological and genetic research had reached a level (“a borderline situation”/Jaspers) where the question of the relationship between science and ethics is raised anew, but now in a much sharper and more radical form. Today, in light of the war in Ukraine, we would add: the relationship between bioethics and geopolitics. One of the severe consequences of the tragic events in Ukraine is the danger of exacerbating the already significant global hunger, in which, ultimately, it becomes less important whether food is natural/organic or GMO, but rather whether there is any food at all, primarily the grains. Or, on the contrary, there is an abundance of food, but only for those who have money to buy it, and their numbers are decreasing, so it remains to give them food. But in that case, the profits of global capitalism would be missing, which would certainly be unacceptable for the world’s transnational elites and practically endanger the foundations of capitalism, marking the end of the global capitalist system/order. So, a major humanitarian catastrophe is looming, supplemented by millions of refugees, not only from Ukraine but also from around the world. This situation will be exacerbated by poor economic consequences, primarily for the EU and then for the whole world, all of which includes the UN and its specialised
bioethics, geopolitics, elites, ethical subject, responsibility, capitalist system, the war in Ukraine
The Declaration on Human Cloning was adopted at the 82nd United Nations plenary meeting on 8 March 2005. This Declaration crowned the efforts taken by France and Germany since 2001 to adopt a convention against the so-called reproductive human cloning. The negotiation was initially conceived as a bioethical debate that should have led to a general agreement to ban human cloning. However, more often, it took the form of a discussion on human rights, cultural, civil and religious differences among people, their interaction and the question of who or what has priority in case of potential conflicts among heterogeneous value systems. Neither the Declaration nor the negotiations gave any answers to these difficult questions, but they did allow superficial insight into the problems. They showed that international legislation falls into apories when professional argumentation does not prevail in conflicting attitudes, i.e. when political and other differences are in the middle of the dialogue. If one reads the Declaration carefully, it has an unexpected result since, because of its generality and attempts to establish a compromise between difficult-to-combine interests and definitions, it neither defines cloning of people nor prohibits it directly and unconditionally, including cloning for reproductive purposes. Finally, maybe it would have been better if the debate on the cloning controversies and subsequent comprehensive regulations were first left to scientists, philosophers and corresponding expert bodies and panels, who would explain the basic mechanisms of the cloning process and, more importantly, the bioethical implications of the process itself,
contemporary world, declaration, human cloning, reproductively, therapeutically, apories
Bioethical Sensibility Towards the Status of Animals and Their Rights
Man is a moral and conscious being. His role in the natural context is the care and preservation of nature with the aim of achieving natural balance. On a global level, bioethics, as a scientific discipline, assumes this role in developing and preserving nature, plants, and animals. The ethicality of man is reflected in his care, sensitivity, and sensibility towards nature, life, birth, and death. For ethics to be realized, every individual must become aware of their morality. The moral consciousness of man is manifested in various life contexts. Likewise, man’s morality is also reflected in his treatment of animals. Animals, as beings or as non-human animals, deserve the care and compassion of man. How animals are perceived as essential participants in the natural hierarchy depends on each individual. Do animals represent equal members of the natural community, or are animals merely means to satisfy various human interests? Do people think about preserving the Earth when mass breeding of domestic animals is encouraged and developed? The importance of animal welfare and respect for laws protecting them can be discerned from human actions. Greenhouse gases caused by mass animal breeding raise questions about the moral justification of such practices in the social and academic community. Is meat consumption considered a necessary need to feed and sustain the human population, or is it a matter of human interest and choice? The choice and selection of lifestyle in this busy and modern world are solely up to us. With knowledge, motivation, perseverance, love, care, respect, and sensitivity towards nature, the environment, plants, and animals, we can make this world healthier and more beautiful for all of us.
Students’ Evaluation of Online Assessment Practices in the Covid-19 Online Teaching Period: In Türkiye, Poland, Republic of North Macedonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina
The COVID-19 outbreak forced many changes in education, including teaching techniques, teacher-student interactions, materials, and assessment practices. The present study aims to uncover students’ opinions on the types of exams they took, their evaluation of the testing/ assessment practices they experienced, whether online learning influenced the way they prepared for the exams, whether they would like to keep the testing/assessment practices in the new normal and how they evaluate the teacher’s role as an assessor. The data for the study were collected in Türkiye (TUR), the Republic of North Macedonia (RNM), Poland (POL), and Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) using cross-culturally valid questionnaires including items asking students to evaluate the teaching, assessment, and interaction skills of their teachers during the first “emergency online teaching semester”. Both closed- and open-ended items were included in the data collection tools. Responses to the items in the questionnaires were analysed quantitatively, keeping in mind country and context-specific peculiarities. The study results show similarities in the ways students were evaluated and their perceptions of evaluation procedures during the COVID-19 period, as well as contextual differences in the four countries.
COVID-19 related educational change, language assessment, language learning, evaluation of assessment practices
Fizička kultura i etika [Physical Culture and Ethics] by Miloš Marković
‘Fizička kultura i etika’ [‘Physical Culture and Ethics’] by Assistant Professor Miloš Marković, PhD, was published in the 2019 edition of ‘Biblioteka Dissertatio’ by the publisher ‘Zadudžbina Andrejević’ in Belgrade after its manuscript won the national competition. This fact alone is a clear external proof of the value of this book, and we will show a number of other arguments that make this book especially valuable and important
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Filozofija sporta. Nastanak i razvoj jedne discipline [Philosophy of Sport. Emergence and Development af a Discipline] by Matija Mato Škerbić
Filozofija sporta. Nastanak i razvoj jedne discipline [“Philosophy of Sport. Emergence and Development of a Discipline”] was published in 2021 by Pergamena publishing house, and it represents the author’s attempt to answer some fundamental questions regarding the philosophy of sport, which were previously left unanswered in literature. Questions such as: When was it that the foundations of the philosophy of sport were set? What are the crucial points in the development of this discipline? What are all the themes that the philosophy of sports deals with, and its most important concepts? What are the possible directions for further development of this discipline? The author provides the answers to these and many other questions in his work, which is presented on more than 300 B5 pages.
The Development and Activity of the Society “Our Children” Belišće
The paper provides an overview of the development and activities of the Society “Our Children” Belišće (cro. Društvo „Naša djeca“ Belišće) through seven decades of work. From the very beginning until today, Society has been gathering teachers, educators, parents and, at the very end, children to carry out activities to contribute to children’s growth and development and to fill their free time in a fun and quality way. The paper aims to present the origin, development, and conduct of the Society and to determine the impact on upbringing and education in the city of Belišće during its seven decades of existence and activity.
Society “Our Children” Belišće, Belišće, history, childcare, volunteering
Anointing of the Sick in the Intensive Medicine Unit - Last Greeting or Call for Help
The right of a conscious and competent patient to self-determination and the ability to make decisions about their own treatment affects the treatment outcome decisively. The patient’s acceptance or rejection of the treatment options the doctor offers directs active medical interventions towards one of the goals: curing the disease or reducing suffering. In accordance with the provisions of the Health Care Act, every person has the right to practice religious rites during their stay in a hospital in the area provided for that purpose. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the functioning of the health system was changed. The need for isolation has led to a ban on visits and limited patients’ communication with their families and loved ones, which was only possible using cell phones. Priests were allowed access, but with all infection prevention measures regarding medical staff. In that environment, the Anointing of the Sick remained the only active intervention that the ill person’s family was able to do for their loved ones. For the family of the critically ill, the entry of a priest into a “forbidden space” is a spiritual act in which the priest can communicate with the sick in the role of an emissary of the family. He can also perform instrumental interventions by the act of anointing with blessed oil, with a desire for healing. The aim of this text is to outline some of the aspects of isolating critically ill patients from their families and the role of the Anointing of the Sick in this situation.
Intensive care units, COVID-19 pandemic, religious beliefs, prayer, Anointing of the Sick, family members, palliative care
ICT Applications for People with Speech and Language Disorders
The digital technology used on smartphones and tablets provides entertainment and offers a number of additional materials and content needed in education. The possibility of using computers for educational and therapeutic purposes has enabled children and users with various health problems, motor impairments, and chronic diseases access to information, education, therapeutic work, monitoring and counselling. As part of the EU projects, the EU constituent countries have developed programmes and applications aimed at education. The project “ICT Competence Network for Innovative Services for Persons with Complex Communication Needs (ICT-AAC)” took place from March 2013 to March 2015 and was carried out by the University of Zagreb in collaboration with other stakeholders: associations and companies. The developed applications are applicable for educational and therapeutic purposes in education as a teaching method and a tool in treating speech and language disorders within speech therapy. In addition to education, there are also applications for communication purposes for people with complex communication needs. This paper briefly presents some of the ICT-AAC applications and their implementation in working with the intended users.
assistive technology, digital technology, educational applications, m-learning, assisted communication
Relationship Between Emergencies and Child Mental Health
The world we live in is affected by increasing emergencies and disasters. The increase in the number of crises is significantly affected by climate change, which is also one of the significant problems of today. Earthquakes, droughts, floods, snowfall, hail, storms and fires are natural emergencies. They can also be technical-technological or caused by the consequences of the war. Regardless of the cause, emergencies disrupt social and material goods. Therefore, it is necessary to better prepare for crisis situations to preserve human life and reduce harmful consequences. Emergencies cause many consequences for the mental health of people, especially children. A child in any crisis needs acceptance, understanding and support; thus, mental health care is crucial because it ensures adequate growth and development and has positive effects on their lives and the life of society. Mental health promotion should be carried out from an early age because regular care for mental hygiene makes it easier to cope with difficulties throughout life, prepare for crisis events and faster recovery. This paper aims to examine the impact of emergencies on children’s mental health, i.e., to present a review of domestic and international professional literature that promotes the importance of preserving children’s mental health in specific situations such as emergencies in Croatia and worldwide