Personal Autonomy Beyond Individualism and Collectivism

Abstract

This paper examines the concept of personal autonomy
beyond the rigid dichotomy of individualism and collectivism, with a particular focus on post-communist
and post-transitional societies. Building on classical  liberal theories of autonomy, which emphasize  rationality, self-determination, and individual
responsibility, the paper analyzes their scope and limitations in contexts shaped by the legacy of collectivism, institutional fragility, and the contemporary
influence of neoliberal capitalism. Special attention is given to distinguishing autonomy from individualism
and individuality, as well as to the concept of relational
autonomy, which highlights interdependence,
empathy, and the social embeddedness of the individual. Through theoretical analysis, the paper argues that sustainable personal autonomy cannot
be reduced to isolated self-determination
but requires a combination of individual capacities
and social conditions that enable the development of an authentic identity and responsible agency. In this
sense, the paper offers an alternative framework
for understanding autonomy as a multidimensional
and relational concept, relevant for societies that do not strictly follow the patterns of liberal individualism,
yet are not fully collectivist.