Cybersecurity of Onshore Power Supply (OPS) Systems: Overview of EU Standards, Regulations, and Audit Procedures
Keywords:
Maritime cybersecurity, Energy sector cybersecurity , Shore power integration , Critical infrastructure protection , Operational technology security , Cyber-physical systems , Maritime-energy convergenceAbstract
This paper reviews cybersecurity standards, regulations, and audit procedures relevant to EU Onshore Power Supply systems. These systems link maritime and energy infrastructures via high-capacity ship-to-shore connections. Such hybrid operational technology environments introduce vulnerabilities that neither maritime nor energy sector standards fully address. Using a qualitative, comparative review, the authors evaluate key frameworks. Analysis reveals gaps in authentication, mutual assurance, runtime monitoring, incident response, and management of legacy operational technology. the findings provide a foundation for risk-informed, cross-sector cybersecurity audits and highlight the need for harmonized yet adaptable security requirements to safeguard Onshore Power Supply-enabled ports against evolving cyber threats.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Matej Plenca, mag. ing. logist., izv. prof. dr. sc. Sasa Aksentijevic, prof. dr. sc. Edvard Tijan, izv. prof. dr. sc. Srdjan Skok
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