Analysing the impact of migration flows on regional per capita GDP in Türkiye: a spatial panel data approach

Ali Osman Öztop; Tuna  Köse

doi:10.3326/

Analysing the impact of migration flows on regional per capita GDP in Türkiye: a spatial panel data approach

Authors

Ali Osman Öztop Department of Economics and Finance, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Fethiye, Muğla, Türkiye Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7568-5927
Tuna Köse Independent Researcher, Muğla, Türkiye Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8703-0215

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3326/

Keywords:

internal migration, international migration, financial inclusion, per capita GDP, spatial panel data analysis

Abstract

This paper investigates the effects of net international and internal migration on per capita GDP in Türkiye’s 81 provinces. Unlike prior research, it analyses both migration types within the same spatial panel model and accounts for spatial dependence. The first model (2016-22) examines overall migration effects, the second (2009-22) focuses on the effects of migrants’ educational levels. We find that net international immigration significantly boosts per capita, GDP, with highly educated migrants contributing more to growth. The robustness checks further highlight the complementary role of financial deepening in boosting regional economic performance.

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Published

2026-06-08

Issue

Vol. 50 No. 2 (2026)

Section

Articles

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How to Cite

Analysing the impact of migration flows on regional per capita GDP in Türkiye: a spatial panel data approach. (2026). Public Sector Economics - Submission Site, 50(2), 259-286. https://doi.org/10.3326/