A Study on Distribution of Geophyte Taxa in Trabzon Province in Türkiye

Abstract

This study aims to identify the geophyte taxa of Trabzon Province (NE Anatolia) and to assess their potential distribution. Plant samples were collected using standard herbarium procedures between 2015 and 2021. The research employed a comprehensive field survey methodology, aligned with the specific vegetation periods of each taxon. A digital database was created by converting both field-collected and literature-based data into spatial data layers within a Geographic Information System (GIS). This GIS-based system allows for advanced data querying and spatial mapping. In addition, the study evaluated specific areas with regard to taxonomic diversity and density, placing particular emphasis on endemic and rare taxa. A total of 95 geophyte taxa were identified, distributed across 1271 unique locations. These taxa represented 20 families and 45 genera. Eight endemic and eight rare geophyte taxa were documented and classified according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) threat categories. The family Orchidaceae had the highest representation, comprising 31 taxa, followed by Asparagaceae with 16, Liliaceae and Amaryllidaceae with 7 each, and Iridaceae with 6 taxa. The most taxon-rich genera were Orchis (7 taxa), Dactylorhiza (6), Ornithogalum (6), Crocus (4), Allium (4), and Gagea (4). The findings of this study will contribute to the conservation and sustainable management of biodiversity, particularly concerning geophyte species, which are vital natural resources within forestry practices. By establishing a balance between conservation and utilization, this research supports biodiversity protection while enabling sustainable use. Moreover, the study provides a valuable framework for identifying priority areas for future conservation initiatives and for sourcing plant material to support the cultivation of endangered geophyte species.