EXPERIENCE OF STIGMA IN LARYNGECTOMIZED INDIVIDUALS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THEIR SPOUSES OR PARTNERS

Abstract

Total laryngectomy is a surgical procedure in which the larynx is completely removed. This mutilating procedure carries numerous consequences, significantly altering the quality of life of the individual after the surgery (Dooks et al., 2012; Štajner Katušić, 1998). When a person is faced with a severe cancer diagnosis that results in the loss of the organ responsible for the most important form of communication speech their social roles and opportunities change significantly. Such a change can lead to the loss of their previous social identity in various spheres of life. One consequence of losing social identity may be self-stigmatization, as well as social stigma, where the environment, often unintentionally, due to ignorance or lack of information, changes its attitude toward the person, isolates them, avoids them, or treats them differently than before the loss. The aim of this study was to explore the perception of stigma among the closest family members—spouses or partners—of individuals who have undergone a laryngectomy. Families of individuals who have undergone a laryngectomy consistently perceive stigma directed at their loved ones, particularly through social withdrawal and the psychological consequences of the laryngectomy. The main findings of this study confirm the presence of stigma among individuals who have undergone a laryngectomy, including the loss of function, identity, employment, and social status. Due toaltered speech, difficulty speaking in noisy environments, andothers’ difficulty understanding them, individuals who have undergone a laryngectomy often face reduced opportunities for self-expression, leading to discomfort, shame, social withdrawal, and decreased psychological well-being. Partners of these individuals believe that a lack of public awareness is the primary cause of social difficulties. Depression, reduced self-confidence, and concern expressed by family members are the most common psychological consequences for laryngectomy patients. Additionally, spouses or partners report changes in themselves, such as increased worry, sensitivity, and irritability.