Manipulation and Goal Setting Motivation: An Unexamined Ethical Relationship

Authors

Keywords:

manipulation; motivation; goal setting; Edwin Locke; Gary Latham

Abstract

Manipulation is well–studied in psychology and philosophy, and there is substantial
literature on organizational motivational theories. Yet, a thorough examination
of whether organizational motivational practices are manipulative is lacking.
This paper defines manipulation and applies the definition to Goal Setting
Theory. It addresses two questions: is Goal Setting Motivation manipulation and
is it wrong? We also explore how non–manipulative ideal motivational practices
could be altered to become manipulative.

Published

2025-07-04