Global Trends in Green Port Implementation: Technologies, Policies, Stakeholder Collaboration, and Sustainability Metrics. A Systematic Literature Review
Keywords:
Green port, sustainable maritime transport, stakeholder collaboration, ESG metrics, emission reduction., Digitalization, Shore power, IMO regulationAbstract
The growth of international trade has placed pressure on ports to increase the environmental performance of their operations and to improve the efficiency of their activities. This article reviews green port initiatives during the years 2014 through 2026. The primary focus of this review is on the components of green port development, specifically technology, policy, cooperation and sustainability. A systematic search of 312 records returned 47 peer-reviewed articles. This review shows that digital transformation through the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI ) will reduce fuel consumption by as much as 20% due to the application of these technologies; The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the European Union (EU) are working together to generate market-based models for the development of marine technology, and the successful implementation of a green port initiative will require a public-private partnership (P3); The Green Transformation Index (GTI) is still in development; and while no universal methodology exists for determining the level of investment made into green port development, there will need to be more research and coordinated policies developed in less developed countries due to the existence of research gaps, creating additional risk.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Safuan, Prof. Dr. Tantri, Dr. Muniroh, Haris Sukandar Nur, M.M
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