Magnetic characteristics and mineralogy of cave sediments from Solek Cave, West Sumatra: Implications for paleoenvironmental processes within the cave

Authors

  • Hamdi Rifai Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Rizaldi Putra Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Wilda Febi Rahmadhani Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Nilam Sari Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Dessupri Niarti Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Wardina Nasution Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Erni Erni Department of Physics, Universitas Sriwijaya
  • Christopher M. Wurster College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2026.3.12

Keywords:

Cave sediments, West Sumatra, Magnetic characteristics, Titanomagnetite, Lithogenic

Abstract

Cave sediments are essential as they preserve valuable archives of past environmental and climate conditions that physical and chemical measurements can reveal. In this study, we explore the magnetic characteristics of the cave sediments collected from Solek Cave, West Sumatra, Indonesia to understand environmental processes within the cave. We employed rock magnetic methods, including magnetic susceptibility, isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM), and Curie temperature measurements. Additionally, we used X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to analyze the magnetic mineralogy and morphology of the cave sediments. The results show a high concentration of magnetic minerals, specifically ferrimagnetic groups, indicated by high magnetic susceptibility ranging between 210.7 and 1301.2 × 10-8 m3/kg, with a mean value of 602.7 × 10-8 m3/kg. The calculated χFD (%) values ranged from 0.2 to 6.6, mostly less than 2%, indicating coarse-grained, multidomain ferrimagnetic minerals. Moreover, results from IRM, ARM and XRD show that the magnetic minerals are dominated by coarse-grained magnetite with a grain size of around 20 to 110 μm. Curie temperature measurements also exhibit various titanium proportions, forming a titanomagnetite phase. The morphology and chemical compositions of the magnetic minerals, determined by SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), also support the previous analyses, showing that titanomagnetite is the dominant phase, characterized by coarse grain size and angular shape. The uniformity of the magnetic characteristics and mineralogy suggests a titanomagnetite mineral source likely driven by lithogenic processes such as erosion and fluvial events. 

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Published

2026-05-15

Issue

Vol. 41 No. 3 (2026): No. 79

Section

Applied Mathematics, Physics, Space Sciences

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Copyright (c) 2026 Hamdi Rifai, Rizaldi Putra, Wilda Febi Rahmadhani, Nilam Sari, Dessupri Niarti, Wardina Nasution, Erni Erni , Christopher M. Wurster

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How to Cite

Rifai, H., Putra, R., Rahmadhani, W. F. ., Sari, N. ., Niarti, D. ., Nasution, W. ., Erni , E. ., & Wurster, C. M. . (2026). Magnetic characteristics and mineralogy of cave sediments from Solek Cave, West Sumatra: Implications for paleoenvironmental processes within the cave. Rudarsko-geološko-Naftni Zbornik, 41(3), 185-195. https://doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2026.3.12